ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

1.WHO (Pengganti Subject)
Example:
a.He paid the money to the man.
b.The man had done the work.
Adjective clauses = He paid the money to the man who had done the work.

a.You help the old lady.
b.The old lady live next to me.
Adjective clauses = You help the old who lives next to me.

a.Rio is very handsome.
b.He work in TV station.
Adjective clauses = Roni who work in TV station is very handsome


2.WHOM (Pengganti Object)
Example:
a.The girl is very sweet.
b.I met her in the café.
Adjective clauses = The girl whom I met in the café is very sweet.


3.WHOSE (Possesive (Persons))
Example:
a.The man called the police.
b.His car was stolen.
Adjective clauses = The man whose car was stolen called the police.

4.WHICH
Subject
Example:
a.The horse Tuns fast.
b.It comes from Sumbawa.
Adjective clauses = The horse which comes from Sumbawa Tuns fast.

Object
Example:
a.The book is very big.
b.I buy the book in Gramedia.
Adjective clauses = The book which I buy in Gramedia is very big.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

If clause Result Clause

Type 1 Simple Present Future Tense
S+V1+O S+will/shall+V1+O
S+To Be+N/Adjective

Type 2 Past Tense Past Future
S+V1+O S+would/should+V1+O
S+Was/Were+N/Adjective

Type 3 Past Perfect Past Future Perfect
S+Had+V3+O S+would/should+Have+V3+O

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FORM

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE/PRESENT TENSE
Active:
1. Positive (+) = Subject + V1(s/es) + O
2. Negative (-) = Subject + Do/Does + Not + V1 + O
3. Interrogative (?)= Do/Does + Subject + V1 + O

Passive
1. Positive (+) = O + To be + V3 + By + S
2. Negative (-) = O + To be + Not + V3 + By + S
3. Interrogative (?)= To be + O + V3 + By + S

Example:
1. Active = she reads a book (+)
Passive = a book is read by her (+)

2. Active = Does she read a book? (?)
Passive = Is a book read by her (?)

3. Active = I wear a black jacket (+)
Passive = a black jacket is worn by me (+)

4. Pasive = I am loved by her (+)
Active = She love me (+)


2. PRESENT CONTINOUS
Active:
1. Positive (+) = Subject + To be + Ving + O
2. Negative (-) = Subject + To be + Not + Ving + O
3. Interrogative (?)= To be + Subject + Ving + O

Passive
1. Positive (+) = O + To be + Being + V3 + By + S
2. Negative (-) = O + To be + Not + Being + V3 + By + S
3. Interrogative (?)= To be + O + Being + V3 + By + S

Example:
1. Active = My mother is cooking a dinner for me (+)
Passive = A dinner is being cooked by my mother for me (+)

2. Active = Is my mother cooking a dinner for me? (?)
Passive = Is a dinner being cooked by my mother for me? (?)

3. Pasive = The wedding party is being celebrated by my parents (+)
Active = My parents are celebrating the wedding party(+)


3. PRESENT PERFECT
Active:
1. Positive (+) = Subject + Has/Have + V3 + O
2. Negative (-) = Subject + Has/Have + Not + V3 + O
3. Interrogative (?)= Has/Have + Subject + V3 + O

Passive
1. Positive (+) = O + Has/Have + Been + V3 + By + S
2. Negative (-) = O + Has/Have + Not + Been + V3 + By + S
3. Interrogative (?)= Has/Have + O + Been + V3 + By + S

Example:
1. Active = I have finished the home work (+)
Passive = The home work has been finished by me (+)

2. Active = Have I finished the home work? (?)
Passive = Has the home work been finished by me? (?)

PEMAKAIAN KATA THIS, THAT, THESE DAN THOSE
1.THIS
This artinya ini, untuk menunjukkan benda tunggal yang jaraknya dekat dengan pembicara.
Contoh: This your pencil

2.THAT
That artinya itu, untuk menunjukkan benda tunggal yang jaraknya jauh dari pembicara.
Contoh: That is house
That is my glass

3.THESE
These adalah jamaknya dari kata this
Contoh: These are your dogs
These are his cats

4.THOSE
Those adalah jamaknya dari kata that
Contoh: Those are her pictures
Those are your balls

PEMAKAIAN KATA TO DO
Kata To Do berfungsi sebagai kata kerja bantu. Dan kata To Do yang artinya mengerjakan sesuatu berfungsi sebagai kata kerja penuh.
Contoh:
-I do my home work
-You do your exercise
-He does his sum
-Atira does it

Pengertian Do yang lain:
1.Menyatakan sungguh-sungguh
-I do it my self!
2.Mempunyai arti silakan dan menyatakan sesuatu permintaan
-Do be quite!
-Do sit down!
3.Untuk memberi tekanan
-Do tell me!
-Do work hard!

Macam-macam kalimat (Kind of sentences)

Dalam bahasa inggris setiap kalimat harus menggunakan kata kerja. Bila dalam kalimat tidak terdapat kata kerja maka kalimat tersebut harus memakai kata kerja bantu (To be).
Contoh kalimat dengan kata kerja penuh:
-To read
-To work

Infinitive verb adalah kata kerja yang belum berfungsi/belum digunakan dalam kalimat selalu disertai to dalam penulisannya.
Contoh kalimat positive yang menggunakan to be
-I am a girl
-You are clever
-He is a boy
-She is Anne
-It is a book

Kalimat berita (affirmative sentence) ialah kalimat yang memberitakan suatu pekerjaan, keadaan atau sifat pada pokok kalimat.
Rumus kalimat berita (+)
Subject+ To be+ Predicative
Contoh:
1 am a student

Rumus kalimat berita (-)
Subject+ To be+ not+ Predicative
Contoh:
I am not student

Rumus kalimat interrogative (?)
To be+ Subject+ Predicative
Contoh:
Are you a student?

PRONOUN (KATA GANTI)

A.Personal pronoun
Diantaranya ialah : I, WE, THEY, YOU, SHE, HE, IT
Dipergunakan sebagai subjek (pokok kalimat)

B.Possesive pronoun
Diantaranya adalah: MINE, OURS, THEIRS, YOURS, HERE, HIS, ITS
Dipergunakan sebagai penunjuk kepunyaan

C.Demonstrative pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun adalah kata ganti petunjuk, dipergunakan
Untuk menggantikan kata benda yang telah diucapkan terlebih dahulu. Yang termasuk kata ganti petunjuk, antara lain : THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE and SOME .
NB: This dan these menujuk kata benda yang deka. That dan thost menunjuk kata benda yang jauh.
Perhatikan
-This
-That
-These
-Those

Contoh :
-This book is mine
-This book is good
-These ate better
-Those are also good
-Some are in the room

D.Relative pronoun
Relative pronoun adalah kata ganti penghubung memiliki pengertian: Yang, dipergunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat menjadi satu kalimat
Perhatikan:
-Who
-Whose
-Whom
-Which
-That

Contoh dalam kalimat:
1.1 meet Yessi
She will buy a book

Relative pronoun:
I meet Yessi who will buy a book

NB: “Who berfungsi sebagai subjek pada kalimat kedua, artinya Yang.
Pemakaian kata Who selalu diiring dengan kata kerja.
2.The girl whose name is Tari is good girl
3.The cat wich you strike is my cat
4.The boy that you see is my brother

E.Interrogative pronoun
Interrogative pronoun adalah kata ganti yang dipergunakan dalam kalimat bertanya.
1.Who (dipakai untuk menanyakan orang)
-Who is striking you?

2.Whose (untuk menayakan orang, benda atau binatang sebagai kepunyaan)
- Whose bag is this?
- Whose pen is this?

3.Whom (dipakai untuk menanyakan orang)
- Whom will you write the letter for?

4.What (dipakai untuk menanyakan benda atau binatang)
-What is on the table?

5.Which (dipakai untuk menayakan orang, benda, atau binatang)
-Which do you prefer, the pencil or the book?