RIVER UNDER THE SEA
This underwater river is in cenote Angelita, Mexico. There is a cave that if diselami up to 30 meters depth, the water is fresh water, but if you dive to the depth of more than 60 meters, the water becomes salt water. In essence there is a "river" complete with trees and foliage. But, of course it was not unusual because the river is a river of hydrogen sulfide layer that looks like a river.
It turned out that in the Lower River Marine Hydrogen Sulfide layer is DANGEROUS!
It turned out that in the Lower River Marine Hydrogen Sulfide layer is Dangerous [HOT NEWS Video] .. The phenomenon of the river below the sea mexico recently become a unique phenomenon that get so much attention in the internet world .. River under the sea. It is not scientifically possible. A diver, Anatoly Beloshchin, take a picture 'of the river under the sea' from the depth of 60 meters water cenote Angelita, Mexico.
As reported by crystalkiss.com, at a depth of more than 30 yards a team of divers to find fresh water in the middle of the ocean water column. Conditions changed and divers returned to find the sea water began to pass 60 meters depth. A few yards from the site will find a cave. At the bottom of the cave diving team discovered a river complete with trees and leaves that float in the water column.
It turned out that location is not the river, as seen on the mainland. However, the atmosphere was like a river complete with a layer of such colored water slightly brown. But wait, it's not brown fresh water comes from. Mentioned, like the brown river water is the bottom layer of hydrogen sulfide gas. Gas is usually produced from sewage.
Overall, the team's divers found the conditions very surprising and amazing to look at. "In the depths of 60 meters I found the water again. I saw a river, island, complete with falling leaves. But the river that we see is a layer of hydrogen sulfide gas, "said Anatoly.
But the river that we see is a layer of hydrogen sulfide gas, "said Anatoly.
DANGEROUS
The phenomenon of 'river' below sea feared Mexico could harm marine biota. Although still in the research, the gas hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the 'river so shit' it does not harm humans. "H2S or Hydrogen Sulfide is an acid, when mixed with sea water or salt contained in sea water, the gas could be harmful to marine biota, but is not harmful to humans," said Research and Technology Suharna Surapranata to VIVAnews.
This was stated in the preamble Suharna Surapranata at The 4th GEOSS Asia - Pacific Symposium, Denpasar, Bali, Wednesday, March 10, 2010, however, admitted Suharna natural phenomenon that is part of the vulcanology or the study of volcanoes, lava, magma and geological phenomena related.
"In Indonesia, it has never happened, but it is very possible that this phenomenon occurs because it is a natural phenomenon, and so far the research on underwater river has not finished, and still perform thematic mapping," he explained. Like known, 'river' that occurred under the ocean waters waters cenote Angelita, Mexico, at a depth of 60 meters was not a real river.
Brownish color as the river water is a layer of hydrogen sulfide gas. But it was not a brown color comes from fresh water. Mentioned, like the brown river water is the bottom layer of hydrogen sulfide or H2S. Gas is usually produced from sewage. The atmosphere in the sea is like a river complete with a layer of such colored water slightly brown. There is a complete tree with fall leaves fall.
Diving at 100 'in the cenote Angelita in Tulum, it's a big sinkhole out in the jungle with a layer of gas trapped at around 90' which is caused by the Decomposing leaves and trees that fall in, I believe it's sulfur dioxide, and is somewhat poisonous if exposed to it for too long .... Youtube Angelita cenote Tulum Mexico ..
source:
http://unic77.blogspot.com/2010/03/ternyata-sungai-di-bawah-laut-ialah.html
http://pancallok.blogspot.com/2010/03/foto-sungai-di-bawah-laut-meksiko-serta.html
Senin, 15 Maret 2010
Kamis, 11 Maret 2010
7 types of buyers / consumers following description:
1. Purchasers Apathy
Types of buyer apathy is the kind of people who never buy anything, and they also do not care how good your product, how cheap the product. Because basically the type of buyer has a pessimistic nature and cynical. They are usually people have a lot of personal problems that are not interested in our offer. So no need to waste too much time with this type but still be polite.
Example:
1. Mr Blake offered a sports product by a salesman. With a friendly sales explains the usefulness, quality and price of these products, but nothing as good as the sales of products that offer no effect for the teacher.
2. Bu Wati offered a beauty product by a salesperson. Prior sales that explains the use of these products, Bu Wati immediately rejected.
2. Self-actualization buyers
Purchasers self-actualization is the opposite of buyer apathy, this type of buyer knows exactly what they wanted, what benefits, how much, what they buy and they will get it soon. If you have what they want so they can immediately buy it, right then, without a lot of questions. This type is very positive, fun, and easy to deal. All you have to do with the product or service they need and the sales will occur. However, such types of buyers rather rare.
Example:
1. Purchasers of this model, already know what they want. Even if not yet know the brand, but when asked to describe what they seek and need, they are able.
2. Buyers who already know what they buy, usually will be loyal if they are satisfied with your service. Make them happy with the 3 pillars of business that you can make: a competitive price, which was operational rambling and perfect service.
3. Purchasers Analytical
This type is very detailed and thoughtful, and tend to be rather fussy. In dealing with this type of buyer takes patience because they will ask lots of questions to collect data and complete information as a means of making decisions. They will be carefully and compare with the products or other services. Dealing with the preparation of this type of information the facts, graphs, brochures, etc.. Do not try to exaggerate because they'll know and will ask for proof.
Example:
1. When he wanted to buy a computer, this type of buyer is considering the price and quality, and compare with similar products, which are much cheaper, and which ones are better.
2. Had to buy a product, type of buyer is full consideration whether these products will generate profits or not.
4. Purchaser Liaison
Type connecting buyers tend to be not too enthusiastic. And the communication with the buyer of this type have to be patient and slowly build a relationship. This type is very depend on the buyer and the views, opinions penggambilan other people in a decision to buy a product. Sometimes they really need opinions and suggestions about the products they would buy either of the family, colleagues, friends. As a salesperson if you're dealing with the type of connecting buyers then your job is to make haste to reassure them about your product by showing how anyone who has been buying and using your product. Connecting buyers usually professions such as teachers, administrative pengawai, doctors, nurses.
Example:
1. Kerosene distributors who buy kerosene for resale
2. Clothing distributors who buy clothes for resale
5. Purchasers Penyetir
This type is very focused on results, they will "to the point" and without preamble, they do not like to cultivate a relationship with you, because they only care what your product / service do for them. So focus on the presentation by showing the advantages of your products / services. They are usually job as a manager, executive, head of the branch. This type of buyer is very friendly, fast friendly, outgoing, and you will find no difficulty for building a relationship with them. This type of buyer is very quick to agree with you regardless of what the advantages of your products / services, but may be after a few days before / after purchase so they could have forgotten all about the topic of discussion with you.
Example:
1. Because seeing salesnya pretty or handsome, this type of buyer will directly buy regardless of what the pros of the product being offered such sales.
2. Type easily seduced buyers.
6. Purchasers who liked socializing
This type of buyer is very friendly, fun, likes to talk and relate to sales. Sometimes they are too quickly agreed and bought their home was feeling happy, so do not note the details. Even if they do not want to buy they will refuse even subtly help us to find another buyer.
7. Impulsive buyer
This type of buyer can be said to be very emotional urge to have something, for example if there is launching new product / service such as cars, watches, mob, outfit it is they who are the first person who was always ready to make a try.
Example:
1. There are no plans to buy, but went into a store. Looking through my bag for example, are interested then buy. While not need a bag, they felt compelled to buy. This type of buyer as the desire to play in the sector rather than needs.
2. Purchasers who do not need shoes, but when he saw there was a good shoe with a relatively cheap price, he immediately compelled to buy.
8. Purchasers Informative
This type of buyer is very selection of products / services they would buy. Usually this type will find out about the products / services they would buy through a range of information such as the Internet, the experts nanya, nanya to those who have never used it. If you're dealing with the type of buyer, informative then your job is to do a presentation in a professional, clear, concise. Usually these types of informative very high sense of loyalty at all and they will buy from you and are willing to recommend your products / services.
Example:
1. Before you buy HP Ani, he first did a survey through the Internet, how to price and quality.
2. Adinda Ponds purchase recommendation from a friend.
http://4atb.wordpress.com/2009/10/16/kenalilah-konsumen-anda/
http://www.haryantokandani.com/6-macam-tipe-pembeli.php
1. Purchasers Apathy
Types of buyer apathy is the kind of people who never buy anything, and they also do not care how good your product, how cheap the product. Because basically the type of buyer has a pessimistic nature and cynical. They are usually people have a lot of personal problems that are not interested in our offer. So no need to waste too much time with this type but still be polite.
Example:
1. Mr Blake offered a sports product by a salesman. With a friendly sales explains the usefulness, quality and price of these products, but nothing as good as the sales of products that offer no effect for the teacher.
2. Bu Wati offered a beauty product by a salesperson. Prior sales that explains the use of these products, Bu Wati immediately rejected.
2. Self-actualization buyers
Purchasers self-actualization is the opposite of buyer apathy, this type of buyer knows exactly what they wanted, what benefits, how much, what they buy and they will get it soon. If you have what they want so they can immediately buy it, right then, without a lot of questions. This type is very positive, fun, and easy to deal. All you have to do with the product or service they need and the sales will occur. However, such types of buyers rather rare.
Example:
1. Purchasers of this model, already know what they want. Even if not yet know the brand, but when asked to describe what they seek and need, they are able.
2. Buyers who already know what they buy, usually will be loyal if they are satisfied with your service. Make them happy with the 3 pillars of business that you can make: a competitive price, which was operational rambling and perfect service.
3. Purchasers Analytical
This type is very detailed and thoughtful, and tend to be rather fussy. In dealing with this type of buyer takes patience because they will ask lots of questions to collect data and complete information as a means of making decisions. They will be carefully and compare with the products or other services. Dealing with the preparation of this type of information the facts, graphs, brochures, etc.. Do not try to exaggerate because they'll know and will ask for proof.
Example:
1. When he wanted to buy a computer, this type of buyer is considering the price and quality, and compare with similar products, which are much cheaper, and which ones are better.
2. Had to buy a product, type of buyer is full consideration whether these products will generate profits or not.
4. Purchaser Liaison
Type connecting buyers tend to be not too enthusiastic. And the communication with the buyer of this type have to be patient and slowly build a relationship. This type is very depend on the buyer and the views, opinions penggambilan other people in a decision to buy a product. Sometimes they really need opinions and suggestions about the products they would buy either of the family, colleagues, friends. As a salesperson if you're dealing with the type of connecting buyers then your job is to make haste to reassure them about your product by showing how anyone who has been buying and using your product. Connecting buyers usually professions such as teachers, administrative pengawai, doctors, nurses.
Example:
1. Kerosene distributors who buy kerosene for resale
2. Clothing distributors who buy clothes for resale
5. Purchasers Penyetir
This type is very focused on results, they will "to the point" and without preamble, they do not like to cultivate a relationship with you, because they only care what your product / service do for them. So focus on the presentation by showing the advantages of your products / services. They are usually job as a manager, executive, head of the branch. This type of buyer is very friendly, fast friendly, outgoing, and you will find no difficulty for building a relationship with them. This type of buyer is very quick to agree with you regardless of what the advantages of your products / services, but may be after a few days before / after purchase so they could have forgotten all about the topic of discussion with you.
Example:
1. Because seeing salesnya pretty or handsome, this type of buyer will directly buy regardless of what the pros of the product being offered such sales.
2. Type easily seduced buyers.
6. Purchasers who liked socializing
This type of buyer is very friendly, fun, likes to talk and relate to sales. Sometimes they are too quickly agreed and bought their home was feeling happy, so do not note the details. Even if they do not want to buy they will refuse even subtly help us to find another buyer.
7. Impulsive buyer
This type of buyer can be said to be very emotional urge to have something, for example if there is launching new product / service such as cars, watches, mob, outfit it is they who are the first person who was always ready to make a try.
Example:
1. There are no plans to buy, but went into a store. Looking through my bag for example, are interested then buy. While not need a bag, they felt compelled to buy. This type of buyer as the desire to play in the sector rather than needs.
2. Purchasers who do not need shoes, but when he saw there was a good shoe with a relatively cheap price, he immediately compelled to buy.
8. Purchasers Informative
This type of buyer is very selection of products / services they would buy. Usually this type will find out about the products / services they would buy through a range of information such as the Internet, the experts nanya, nanya to those who have never used it. If you're dealing with the type of buyer, informative then your job is to do a presentation in a professional, clear, concise. Usually these types of informative very high sense of loyalty at all and they will buy from you and are willing to recommend your products / services.
Example:
1. Before you buy HP Ani, he first did a survey through the Internet, how to price and quality.
2. Adinda Ponds purchase recommendation from a friend.
http://4atb.wordpress.com/2009/10/16/kenalilah-konsumen-anda/
http://www.haryantokandani.com/6-macam-tipe-pembeli.php
Sabtu, 06 Maret 2010
Needs Life
As a human being, human beings have needs. The need is called necessities of life. If their needs are not met then life interrupted.
In life, people need different types and kinds of goods and services to meet their needs. Humans from birth to death is inseparable from the need for everything. To obtain needed goods necessary sacrifices to get it.
Why do people have to work? Man must work to make ends meet, so I can eat and drink, because the human body will die if he does not eat and drink. In addition to primary needs, human needs of secondary and tertiary needs, because humans have a soul that dynamic and growing, have a passion and ideals.
This modern era of money is sought and tools needed to meet the necessities of life. Living creatures, especially human beings depends on the money, if there is any money it needs can be met. Humans try and work to earn money.
Modern human life needs to be split 3 categories and increases with the level of human civilization is the need for primary, secondary and tertiary.
1. Primary Needs
Primary need is a mandatory requirement to be fulfilled. Examples are like the nine staple food / groceries, homes, clothing, and so forth.
2. Secondary Needs
Secondary needs is a necessary requirement of the primary basic needs have been met with good things. Secondary needs to support its primary needs. For example as a good education, good clothing, good housing, and so forth that are not in the luxury category.
3. Requirements Tertiary / Luxury / Lux
Tertiary needs are human needs of its luxury, not simple and excessive arising after the fulfillment of primary needs and the needs secondary. Examples are cars, satellite dishes, laptops, and notebooks.
As a human being, human beings have needs. The need is called necessities of life. If their needs are not met then life interrupted.
In life, people need different types and kinds of goods and services to meet their needs. Humans from birth to death is inseparable from the need for everything. To obtain needed goods necessary sacrifices to get it.
Why do people have to work? Man must work to make ends meet, so I can eat and drink, because the human body will die if he does not eat and drink. In addition to primary needs, human needs of secondary and tertiary needs, because humans have a soul that dynamic and growing, have a passion and ideals.
This modern era of money is sought and tools needed to meet the necessities of life. Living creatures, especially human beings depends on the money, if there is any money it needs can be met. Humans try and work to earn money.
Modern human life needs to be split 3 categories and increases with the level of human civilization is the need for primary, secondary and tertiary.
1. Primary Needs
Primary need is a mandatory requirement to be fulfilled. Examples are like the nine staple food / groceries, homes, clothing, and so forth.
2. Secondary Needs
Secondary needs is a necessary requirement of the primary basic needs have been met with good things. Secondary needs to support its primary needs. For example as a good education, good clothing, good housing, and so forth that are not in the luxury category.
3. Requirements Tertiary / Luxury / Lux
Tertiary needs are human needs of its luxury, not simple and excessive arising after the fulfillment of primary needs and the needs secondary. Examples are cars, satellite dishes, laptops, and notebooks.
Jumat, 05 Maret 2010
PRESIDENT OF INDONESIA BIROGRAFI FROM NOW UNTIL THE FIRST
First President, Ir. Sukarno (1945-1966)
The first President of the Republic of Indonesia, Sukarno, who was called Bung Karno, was born in Blitar, East Java, June 6, 1901 and died in Jakarta, June 21, 1970. His father named Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo and his mother Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. During his life, he has three wives and has eight children. Fatmawati wife of a son of Thunder, Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati and Thunder. From wife Hartini has Taufan and Bayu, while the wife Ratna Sari Dewi, the woman called the original Japanese derivatives Naoko Nemoto Kartika have children ..
Sukarno's childhood just a few years living with his parents in Blitar. During elementary school until graduation, he lived in Surabaya, room and board at home Tokroaminoto Haji Said Kung, founder of the veteran politician Syarikat Islam. Then go back to school in the HBS (Hoogere Burger School). While studying at HBS that of Sukarno has galvanized nationalist spirit. After graduating HBS in 1920, moved to Bandung, and continue to THS (Technische Hoogeschool High school or technical knowledge is now the ITB). He earned the title "Ir" on May 25, 1926.
Then, he formulated and established the doctrine Marhaenisme PNI (Partai Nasional Indonesia) on July 4, 1927, with the aim of an independent Indonesia. As a result, the Netherlands, put into prison Sukamiskin, Bandung on December 29, 1929. Eight months later a new trial. In his defense, entitled Indonesia Sue, he showed apostasy Netherlands, a nation that claims it is more advanced.
Defense that made the Dutch more and more angry. So in July 1930, the PNI was dissolved. Once free in 1931, Sukarno joined the Partindo and at the same time lead. As a result, he re-arrested by the Dutch and exiled to Ende, Flores, in 1933. Four years later moved to Bengkulu.
After a long struggle, Bung Karno and Bung Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945. In the trial BPUPKI June 1, 1945, expressed Ir.Soekarno basic idea of what he called the Pancasila state. August 17, 1945, Ir Soekarno and Drs. Mohammad Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence. In the trial PPKI, August 18, 1945 Ir.Soekarno unanimously elected as President of the Republic of Indonesia first.
Previously, he also managed to formulate the Pancasila became the basis of (ideological) Unitary Republic of Indonesia. He seeks to unite the archipelago. Even Sukarno tried to gather the nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America with the Asian-African Conference in Bandung in 1955 which later evolved into the Non-Aligned Movement.
Rebellion G.30.S./PKI delivery great political crisis that led to rejection of the Assembly of accountability. Instead MPR raised Soeharto as Acting President. His health continued to deteriorate, which on Sunday, June 21, 1970 he died at the army hospital. He was buried at Wisma Yaso, Jakarta and was buried in Blitar, East Java near the tomb of his mother, Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. Menganugerahkannya government as a "Hero of the Proclamation"
President Second, Suharto (1966-19980)
Suharto was the second President of the Republic of Indonesia. He was born in Kemusuk, Yogyakarta, on June 8, 1921. His father named Kertosudiro a farmer who is also the assistant headman of the village rice field irrigation, while his mother was Sukirah.
Suharto entered the school when I was eight years old, but often moved. Originally schooled in the Village School (SD) Tens, Godean. Then moved to SD Pedes, because her mother and her husband, Mr. Pramono moved house, to the South Kemusuk. However, Mr. Kertosudiro then move it to Wuryantoro. Suharto placed in his sister's house who was married to Prawirowihardjo, an orderly farm.
Until finally selected to be a soldier in the school model non-commissioned officer, Gombong, Central Java in 1941. He officially became a member of the TNI on October 5, 1945. In 1947, Suharto was married with a child Siti Hartinah Mangkunegaran employees.
Col. Perkimpoian Siti Hartinah Suharto and was held on December 26, 1947 in Solo. It was the age of 26 years of Suharto and Hartinah 24 years. They had six sons and daughters; Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih.
General Big H.M. Suharto had walked a long way in the military and political career. In military, starting from Soeharto's army sergeant KNIL, then commander of PETA, the regimental commander with the rank of Major and Battalion Commander Lieutenant Colonel.
In 1949, he successfully led his forces retake the city of Yogyakarta from Dutch colonizers hand at the time. He also had been a Guard Commander in Chief Sudirman. It also had become Commander Mandala (liberation of West Irian).
October 1, 1965, eruption G.30.S./PKI. Suharto took over leadership of the Army. Besides confirmed as Army Commander, General Suharto was appointed by President Sukarno Pangkopkamtib. In March 1966, General Soeharto received a warrant March 11 from President Sukarno. His job, restore security and order and safeguard the teachings of the Great Leader of the Revolution, Bung Karno.
Because of the deteriorating political situation after the outbreak of G.30.S./PKI, MPRS Special Session, March 1967, appointed Soeharto as Acting President, was confirmed as the Second President, in March 1968. Soeharto ruled for more than three decades through the election six times, until he resigned, May 21, 1998.
Both the Resident RI HM Soeharto died at 13:10 pm Sunday, January 27, 2008. Great General Assembly awarded the honor as the Father of National Development, died at the age of 87 years after being treated for 24 days (from 4 to January 27, 2008) in Central Pertamina Hospital (RSPP), Jakarta.
News Soeharto's death was first informed Kapolsek Kebayoran Baru, Kompol. Dicky Sonandi, in Jakarta, Sunday (27 / 1). The team then formally submit the Presidency Dr. press release about the death of President Soeharto at precisely 13:10 pm Sunday, January 27, 2008 at RSPP Jakarta due to multiple organ failure.
Then approximately 14:40 o'clock, the corpse of former President Suharto to depart from the RSPP to the residence at number 8 Jalan Cendana, Menteng, Jakarta. Ambulance that carried the body of Soeharto's family accompanied by a number of vehicles and relatives and bodyguards. A number of journalists surged over when a convoy of vehicles was moving toward Cendana, resulted in a hit television journalist.
On the Cape and along Cendana thousands of people welcomed the arrival of a convoy of vehicles carrying Soeharto's body. Citizens sobs broke out as a series of vehicles that carry the body of former President Suharto into Cendana, at approximately 14:55, Sunday (27 / 1).
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono accompanied by Vice President Jusuf Kalla and a number of ministers who were following a limited cabinet meeting on food security, made a press conference for 3 minutes and 28 seconds at the Presidential Office, Jakarta, Sunday (27 / 1). President convey deep condolences over the death of former President Haji Mohammad Suharto's second.
Third President, Habibie (1998-1999)
The third President of the Republic of Indonesia, Jusuf Habibie Bacharuddin born in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi, on June 25, 1936. He is the fourth child of eight children, spouse Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and RA. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. Habibie, who is married to Hasri Ainun Habibie on May 12, 1962 was blessed with two sons namely Ilham Akbar and Thareq Kemal.
Habibie childhood through with his brothers in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi. Nature firmly adhered to the principle has been shown Habibie since childhood. Habibie, who had a penchant for this ride, should lose his father who died on 3 September 1950 because of a heart attack. Shortly after his father dies, Habibie moved to Bandung to study at the School Gouvernments Middlebare. In high school, he began to look outstanding achievements, especially in the exact sciences lessons. Habibie became a favorite figure in her school.
After graduating high school in bandung in 1954, he entered the University of Indonesia in Bandung (ITB now). He received his diploma from the Technische Hochschule, Germany in 1960 which then get gekar Doctorate from the same place in 1965. Habibie was married in 1962, and has two children. In 1967, became Professor of honor (Professor) at the Institut Teknologi Bandung. Habibie steps much admired, full of controversy, many admirers but no less did not agree with him. Each time, winning the prestigious Theodore Van Karman Award, was returned from the "habitat" of Germany, he always made the news. Habibie's only a year studying at ITB Bandung, 10 years of college to Ph.D. aircraft construction in Germany with summa cum laude. Then worked in the aircraft industry leading MBB GmbH Germany, prior to the call of President Suharto to return to Indonesia.
In Indonesia, Habibie served 20 years of Research and Technology Minister of State / Head of BPPT, leading 10 state-owned company of Strategic Industries, the Assembly elected a Vice President, and sworn in by Chief Justice to replace President Suharto. Suharto handed the presidency to Habibie on the basis of Article 8 of the 1945 Constitution. Until finally forced Habibie also stepped down from the refrendum East Timor chose independence. Accountability speech was rejected MPR. He went back to ordinary citizens, also migrate settled back to Germany.
Some of his work in calculating and designing several aircraft manufacturing project:
* VTOL (Vertical Take Off & Landing) Aircraft Carrier DO-31.
* Military Transport Aircraft C-130 Transall.
* Hansa Jet 320 (Aircraft Executive).
* Airbus A-300 (to 300 passengers)
* CN - 235
* N-250
* And indirectly participated in the count and design:
• BO-105 helicopter.
• Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA.)
• Some of the missile and satellite projects.
Some Signs Services / honors:
* 1976 - 1998 Director of PT. Nusantara Aircraft Industry / IPTN.
* 1978 - 1998 Minister of State for Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia.
* Chairman of the Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology / BPPT
* 1978 - 1998 Director of PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero).
* 1978 - 1998 Chairman of the Industrial Development Authority Batam Island / Opdip Batam.
* 1980 - 1998 Chairman of the Industrial Development Team Defense and Security (Presidential Decree. 40, 1980)
* 1983 - 1998 Director, PT Pindad (Persero).
* 1988 - 1998 Vice Chairman of Board of Trustees Strategic Industries.
* 1989 - 1998 Chairman of the Strategic Industries Management / BPIS.
* 1990 - 1998 Chairman of the Association of Muslim Scholars se-lndonesia/lCMI.
* Daily 1993 Presidium Coordinator, Board of Trustees of Golkar.
* 10 March to 20 May 1998 Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia
* May 21, 1998 - October 1999 President of the Republic of Indonesia
Fourth president, Abdurrahman Wahid (1999-2001)
Gus Dur is the first son of six children born Denanyar Jombang in East Java on August 4, 1940. Gus Dur is genetically a descendant of "blue blood". His father, K.H. Wahid Hasyim is the son of K.H. Hasyim Ash'ari, the founder jam'iyah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the largest Islamic mass organizations in Indonesia, and the founder of Pesantren Tebu Ireng Jombang. Mother, Ny. Hj. Sholehah is the daughter of the founder of Pesantren Denanyar Jombang, KH Bisri Syamsuri. Maternal grandfather was also an NU leader, who became Rais' Aam NU after KH Abdul Wahab Hasbullah. Thus, Gus Dur is the grandson of two of NU clerics at a time, and two Indonesian national figures.
In 1949, when the clash with the Dutch government has ended, his father was appointed the first Minister of Religious Affairs, Wahid Hasyim, so the family moved to Jakarta. Thus the new atmosphere has been entered. The guests, consisting of the characters, with various professional fields, which previously had been found in her grandfather's house, when her father continued to be Minister of religion. This special experience for a child named Abdurrahman Wahid. Indirectly, Gus Dur also began to meet with the political world has heard from his father's colleagues who often hung in his house.
Since childhood, she has marked the various cues that Gus Dur will experience a different line of life and have a full awareness of the responsibility of the NU. In April 1953, Gus Dur went with his father drove to the West Java region to inaugurate the new madrasa. Somewhere along the mountains between Cimahi and Bandung, the car accident. Gus Dur can be saved, but his father died. His father's death brings its own influence in his life.
In daily life, Gus Dur has a penchant for reading and diligent use of his private library. He was also active in visiting public keperpustakaan in Jakarta. In their teens Gus Dur has been familiar with a variety of magazines, newspapers, novels and books is rather serious. The works are read by Gus Dur is not only the stories, the main story and the martial arts fiction, but the discourse of philosophy and documents overseas perhatianya not escape. In addition to reading, this one is good character also play football, chess and music. Thus, no wonder if Gus Dur had asked to be a football commentator on television. Another indulgence, who joined also completed his hobby is watching movies. This penchant for causing a deep appreciation of the film world. This is why Gu Dur in the year 1986-1987 was appointed as chairman of the Indonesian Film Festival jury.
Gus Dur's adolescence was spent largely in Yogyakarta and Tegalrejo. In two places is the development of science began to rise. The next period, Gus Dur live in Jombang, the Pesantren Pond Rice, until then continued his studies in Egypt. Before leaving for Egypt, his uncle had melamarkan a girl for him, namely Haji child Sinta Nuriyah Muh. Sakur. Perkimpoiannya executed when he was in Egypt.
Educational Experience
First time learning, small Wahid studied in the grandfather, KH Hasyim Ash'ari. While living with his grandfather, he taught the Koran and read the Koran. In the age of five years he has been well read the Koran. By the time his father moved to Jakarta, in addition to formal learning in school, Gus Dur is also followed in Dutch private tutoring. Tutor named William Buhl, a German who had converted to Islam, who changed his name to Alexander. To add the Dutch language lessons, Buhl always feature the usual classical music enjoyed by adults. This is the first time Gu Dur contiguity with the Western world and from here also Gus Dur became interested and loved classical music.
After graduating from elementary school, Wahid sent his parents to study in Yogyakarta. In 1953 he entered SMEP (First High School of Economics) Gowongan, while at boarding school mondok Krapyak. The school is even managed by the Roman Catholic Church, but the full use secular curriculum. At this school is also the first time Gus Dur learn English. Because they feel constrained to live in a world of boarding school, he finally asked to move to town and stay at home Haji Junaidi, a local leader of Muhammadiyah and influential people in SMEP. Regular activity, after morning prayers in the Koran KH Ma'shum Krapyak, the school day in SMEP, and at night he joined a discussion along with Haji Junaidi and other members of the Muhammadiyah.
After graduating from SMEP Wahid continued his studies at the Islamic School Tegarejo Magelang Central Java. Pesantren are cared for by K.H. Chudhari, humanist figure kyai, pious and beloved teacher. This is what Chudhari Kyai Wahid introduced by Sufi rites and practices instill a mystical ritual. Under the guidance of this kyais also, Wahid began making pilgrimages to the sacred graves of the saints in Java. At the time of entry into this pesantren, Wahid took the entire collection of books, which makes students, other students amazed. At this time also Gus Dur has been able to demonstrate ability in berhumor and talk. In connection with this last one is an interesting story that deserves revealed in this exposure is to show great imtihan-party held before the fasting during the complete separation of students completing the learning-by providing food and beverage and entertainment bring all the people, such as: Gamelan , traditional dances, horse lumping, Jathilan, and so on. Clearly, such entertainments mentioned above is very taboo for the world at large boarding school. However, it exists and occurs in Pesantren Tegalrejo.
After spending two years at boarding school Tegalrejo, Wahid moved back to Jombang, and lived in boarding Rice Pond. At that time he was approaching 20 years, so in his uncle's boarding school, KH Abdul Fatah, he became a ustadz, and became head of security. At the age of 22 years, Wahid left for the holy land, to perform the pilgrimage, which is then passed to Egypt to continue his studies at the University of al-Azhar. First time up in Egypt, he was disappointed not to be directly included in al-Azhar University, but must go Aliyah (sort of preparatory school). At school he was bored, having to repeat courses that have been taken in Indonesia. To eliminate boredom, Gus Dur is often visited libraries and information centers of America (USIS) and bookstores where he can get the books you want.
However, enthusiasm for learning Wahid did not recede. The proof in 1979, Gus Dur was offered to study to a university in Australia to mendapatkkan doctorate. However, good intentions can not be fulfilled, for all promoters can not afford, and menggangap that Wahid does not require that title.
Career
Pegembaraanya return from seeking knowledge, Wahid returned to Jombang and chose to be a teacher. In 1971, these young people joined the Faculty of the University of Sugarcane Ushuludin Ireng Jombang. Three years later he became secretary Ireng Pesantren Tebu, and in the same year Gus Dur was becoming a writer. He returned to his talent sebagaii writer and columnist. Through these writings Wahid thinking ideas start getting attention of many. Djohan Efendi, a leading intellectual of his time, considered that Gus Dur is a digestive, digest all the ideas he had read, and then absorbed into their own thoughts.
In 1974 Wahid was asked his uncle, K.H. Yusuf Hasyim to assist in Pesantren Tebu Ireng Jombang with a secretary. From this starting Wahid often get invited to be keynote speaker at a number of religious discussion and kepesantrenan, both at home and abroad. Wahid further involved in the activities of NGOs.
In 1979, Wahid moved to Jakarta. At first he pioneered the Pesantren Ciganjur. While in the early 1980s as Wahid's vice-Katib believed NU Syria. Wahid here involved in discussions and serious debate about religious issues, social and political in many circles across religion, ethnicity and discipline. Gus Dur's more serious writing and wrestling with the world, both in the field of culture, politics, and Islamic thought. Careers that are considered 'menyimpang'-in his capacity as a religious figure as well as the NU-board and invite scorn when he became chairman of the Jakarta Arts Council (DKJ) on tahunn 1983. He also became chairman of the jury of the Festival Film Indonesia (FFI) in 1986, 1987.
In 1984, Gus Dur unanimously selected by a team of ahl al-hall wa'aqdi chaired by KH As'ad Syamsul Arifin a position in the general chairman of NU at the 27th congress in Situbondo. Re-affirmed the position in the 28th congress in pesantren Krapyak Yogyakarta (1989), and Cipasung convention in West Java (1994). NU chairman position is then released when the president Wahid of Indonesia to 4. Although the president, the nyleneh of Gus Dur is not lost, even more known by the whole society. In the past, perhaps only certain communities, particularly the feeling among the controversy nahdliyin ideas. Now the entire Indonesian nation come to think of ideas that the controversy raised by KH Abdurrahman Wahid
Fifth President, Megawati (2001-2004)
President of the Republic of Indonesia 5, Megawati Sukarnoputri was born in Yogyakarta, January 23, 1947. Before elected as president, he was Vice President of the 8th under Abdurrahman Wahid administration. Megawati is the eldest daughter of the first President who was also proclaimer, Sukarno and Fatmawati. Megawati, was originally married to a pilot Lieutenant airforce pilots, Surendro and had two sons named Mohammad Prananda and Mohammad Rizki Pratama.
At a military assignment, in 1970, in Eastern Indonesia, a pilot Surendro with military aircraft missing in action. Unparalleled suffering, while small children and babies. However, the pain was not prolonged, three years later married a man Mega named Taufik Kiemas, origin Ogan Komiring Ulu, Palembang. Happy family life increases, with blessed with a daughter Puan Maharani. Megawati's childhood life was spent in the State Palace. Since childhood, Megawati was nimble and likes to play soccer with his brother Guntur. For girls, Megawati had a hobby and is often shown dancing in front of state guests who visited the Palace.
Women's full name Dyah Permata Megawati Sukarnoputri is to start his education, from elementary to high school at the University Cikini, Jakarta. Meanwhile, he had studied at the two Universities, the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung (1965-1967) and the Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia (1970-1972). Although born of an excellent politician's family, Mbak Mega - close call his supporters - are not somewhat versed in the political world. In fact, Megawati had one eye is seen by friends and political opponents. He even considered a newcomer in the political arena, the new in 1987. At that time the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) placing it as one of legislative candidates from electoral districts of Central Java, to boost the sound.
Megawati entrance into the political arena, meaning he has to deny his family agreement not to go into politics. Political trauma that the family ditabraknya. Megawati appeared to be the belle of the PDI in the campaign, although classified as not much to say. Was indeed successful. Vote for the PDI rises. And he was elected to parliament. In the same year was elected as Chairman of Megawati PDI Central Jakarta.
However, Megawati's presence at Parliament House does not seem to feel. Apparently, Megawati knows that he is still under pressure. In addition to nature's quiet, even belaiu chose not to stand out considering the political situation at that time. So more belaiu choose to do political lobbying outside the building representatives. Political lobby, a silent operation, it directly or indirectly, has led to the publication of Mega star in the political world. In 1993 he was elected as Chairman of the PDI. This is a great shock to the government at that time.
Mega rise this process is an interesting story too. At that time, the PDI Congress in Medan ended without producing any decisions. Government supports replacing Budi Hardjono Soerjadi. Then, followed by the Extraordinary Congress held in Surabaya. At this congress, Megawati's name appears and is soundly beat Budi Hardjono, candidates backed by the government. Megawati was elected as Chairman of the PDI. Then Mega status as Chairman of the PDI strengthened again by the National Congress of the PDI in Jakarta.
But the government refused and considered invalid. Therefore, the next trip, the government supports Mega pry power as Chairman of the PDI. Fatimah Ahmad et al, for government support, organized the PDI Congress in Medan in 1996, to raise the back Soerjadi. But Mega is not easily conquered. Because Mega firmly states do not recognize the Medan Congress. Mega firmly declared himself as the Chairman of the PDI is valid. PDI headquarters on Jalan Diponegoro, as a symbol of the legitimate existence of the DPP, controlled by the Mega. The Megawati supporters do not want to recede a single step. They keep trying to maintain the office.
Government-backed Soerjadi also provide a threat to seize by force the PDI office. The threat became reality. Morning, on July 27, 1996 Soerjadi group actually took the PDI headquarters of Megawati supporters. However, it did not discourage Mega step. In fact, he hoisted step further strengthen the resistance. Great political pressure on Megawati's naked, menundang empathy and sympathy from the wider community.
Mega keep fighting. PDI became two. Namely, the PDI leader Megawati and the PDI leadership Soerjadi. PDI is more impartial and admitted Mega. However, the government admitted Soerjadi as PDI chairman legitimate. As a result, PDI leader Megawati could not participate in 1997 elections. After the New Order regime collapsed, PDI Mega changed its name to PDI Struggle. Political parties bearing bull-mouthed fat white and won 1999 elections by taking more than thirty percent of the vote. The victory puts PDIP Megawati at least deserves a position as president than any other party cadres. But it was in the MPR 1999, Megawati lost.
However, both positions are apparently a later stage in time for Mega establish the position as number one in this country. For less than two years, the exact date of July 23, 2001 members of the Assembly unanimously places to sit as President Megawati of Indonesia to replace 5 KH Abdurrahman Wahid. Megawati became president until October 20, 2003. Having finished his term of office, Megawati re-run for president in a direct presidential election in 2004. However, he failed to return as president after losing to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono who eventually became President of the Republic of Indonesia to 6.
Sixth President, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-2014)
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is the president of RI to-6. Unlike the previous president, he was the first president directly elected by the people in the Second round of Presidential Election 20 September 2004. Best graduates academy (1973) is familiarly called SBY was born in Pacitan, East Java, 9 September 1949. His wife was named Christian Herawati, is the third daughter of the late Gen. (Ret.) Sarwo Edhi Wibowo.
Retired four-star general was the only child of the couple R. Soekotjo and Sitti Habibah. Blood soldiers down from his father who retired as a lieutenant. While his mother, Sitti Habibah, the daughter of one of the founders Ponpes Tremas. He had two sons, namely Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (follow and emulate, and traces of SBY achievements, graduating from Akmil in 2000 with the award-winning Star Adhi Makayasa) and Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono (best graduates Taruna Nusantara, Magelang who pursue science and economics).
SR Education is footing most determining future in SBY. When sitting in fifth grade, he knew for the first time and familiar with the name of the National Military Academy (AMN), Magelang, Central Java. AMN later changed its name to Akabri. SBY in Pacitan Junior High School, located in the south of the square. This is a role model school for children Pacitan City. Attitude inherited his father's harsh discipline, SBY struggling to realize the ideals of her childhood into the army with the Armed Forces Academy of the Republic of Indonesia (Akabri) after graduating high school end of 1968. However, due to late register, SBY is not directly go Akabri. So SBY also had been a student of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering 10 November Surabaya (ITS).
But then, chose SBY School Teachers in Further Education First (PGSLP) in Malang, East Java. While studying in Malang PGSLP that, he prepared himself to enter Akabri. In 1970, finally entered Akabri in Magelang, Central Java, after receiving final exam in Bandung. SBY one armed with Agus Wirahadikusumah, Ryamizard Ryacudu, and Prabowo Subianto. During his education, who earned the nickname SBY giraffe, very prominent. Proven, belaiu achieve Akabri predicate best graduates received awards in 1973 with a badge Makasaya Adhi.
Continued his military education at the Airborne and Ranger Course at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA (1976), Infantry Officer Advanced Course at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA (1982-1983) by taking honors graduate, Jungle Warfare Training in Panama (1983), Anti Tank Weapon Course in Belgium and Germany (1984), Battalion Commander Course in Bandung (1985), Seskoad at Bandung (1988-1989) and Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA (1990-1991). Obtained an MA degree from Webster University USA. Military career, beginning with the took office as the Airborne And Yonif Tonpan Kostrad 330 (Platoon Commander III in Rifle Company A, Battalion Airborne Infantry 330/Tri Dharma, Kostrad) in 1974-1976, directly in charge of about 30 soldiers.
330 Airborne Battalion is one of the three battalions in the Brigade, 17th Airborne Infantry Kujang I / Kostrad, which has a fragrance in various military operations. It is the third battalion Airborne Infantry Battalion 330/Tri Dharma, Airborne Infantry Battalion 328/Dirgahayu, and the Airborne Infantry Battalion 305/Tengkorak. English fluency, making selected following an air traffic (airborne) and education commandos (ranger) at the Army Education Center United States, Ford Benning, Georgia, 1975. Returning then to the ground water, SBY took office, Platoon Commander of A Company Second Battalion of Airborne 305/Tengkorak (And Tonpan Yonif Kostrad 305) in 1976-1977. He also led the platoon was fighting in East Timor.
On his return from East Timor, SBY to 81 Mortar Platoon Commander Airborne Yonif Kostrad 330 (1977). After that, he was placed as 17th Airborne Pasi-2/Ops Mabrigif Kujang I Kostrad (1977-1978), and 330 Airborne Yonif Kipan Kostrad (1979-1981), and SOPs Paban SUAD Young (1981-1982). When he served in the Army Headquarters, it had a chance SBY back to the United States schools. From 1982 to 1983, he followed the Infantry Officer Advanced Course, Fort Benning, USA, 1982-1983 and internship-On the job training in the 82-nd Airbone Division, Fort Bragg, USA, 1983. Then follow the Jungle Warfare School, Panama, 1983 and Antitank Weapon Course in Belgium and Germany, 1984, and Battalion Command Course, 1985. At the same time served as commander of SBY Coach Infantry School (1983-1985)
Then he believed was And Checkers 744 Yonif IX / Udayana (1986-1988) and SOPs Madyalat Dam Paban IX / Udayana (1988), before joining the education in Command and Staff College Army (Seskoad) in Bandung and out as the best graduate Seskoad 1989. SBY also could be Seskoad Lecturer (1989-1992), and placed in the Department of the Army Information (Dispenad) with tasks such as making speeches Army Chief General Edi Sudradjat. Then when Edi Sudradjat served the armed forces, he was drawn to the Headquarters of the Armed Forces to become Coordinator of Personal Staff (Korspri) Armed Forces Commander General Edi Sudradjat (1993).
Then, he again served in combat units, was appointed Commander of the Airborne Infantry Brigade (And Brigif Airborne) 17 Kujang I / Strategic Reserve Command (1993-1994) together with the LTC Riyamizard Ryacudu. Later served Asops Kodam Jaya (1994-1995) and Danrem 072/Pamungkas Kodam IV / Diponegoro (1995). Soon after, SBY is believed served to Bosnia and Herzegovina to become an officer in the United Nations (1995). He served as head of the UN Military Observers (Chief Military Observer United Nations Protection Force), which oversees the truce in the former Yugoslavia by Dayton agreement, the United States between Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia Herzegovina. After returning from Bosnia, he was appointed as Chief of Staff Kodam Jaya (1996). Later served as Regional Commander II / Sriwijaya (1996-1997) and Chairman and Chief Bakorstanasda Armed Forces faction Assembly (MPR Special Session in 1998) before becoming Chief of Staff of the Territorial (caster) Armed Forces (1998-1999).
Meanwhile, his political career step to begin on January 27, 2000, when deciding to retire early from the military when he believed served as Minister of Mines and Energy in the government of President KH Abdurrahman Wahid. Soon after, SBY was forced to leave his position as Mentamben because Gus Dur was asked Menkopolsoskam. On August 10, 2001, President Megawati trust and became the Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs melantiknya Mutual-Aid Cabinet. But on March 11, 2004, he chose to resign from the office of Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs. This resignation steps make it more freely running political rights that would lead him to chair the national leadership summit. And finally, on a direct presidential election second round 20 September 2004, SBY is paired with Jusuf Kalla won the trust of the majority Indonesia by a vote of 60 percent Attas. And on October 20, 2004 he was inaugurated as President of the Republic of Indonesia to 6.
Here is a complete data about President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Name: Army General (ret.) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Born: Pacitan, East Java, 9 September 1949
Religion: Islam
Position: President of the Republic of Indonesia to 6
Wife: Christian Herawati, third daughter (Alm) General (Ret.) Sarwo Edhi Wibowo
Children: Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono and Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono
Dad: First Lieutenant (Peltu) R. Soekotji
Mother: Sitti Habibah
Education:
* Armed Forces Academy (Akabri) in 1973
* American Language Course, Lackland, Texas, USA, 1976
* Airbone and Ranger Course, Fort Benning, USA, 1976
* Infantry Officer Advanced Course, Fort Benning, USA, 1982-1983
* On the job training in the 82-nd Airbone Division, Fort Bragg, USA, 1983
* Jungle Warfare School, Panama, 1983
* Antitank Weapon Course in Belgium and Germany, 1984
* Battalion Command Course, 1985
* Army Command School, 1988-1989
* Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenwort, Kansas, USA
* Master of Arts (MA) from Management Webster University, Missouri, USA
Career:
* And the 330 Airborne Yonif Tonpan Kostrad (1974-1976)
* And Tonpan Yonif Kostrad 305 (1976-1977)
* And Mr. Mo 81 Yonif Airborne Kostrad 330 (1977)
* 17th Airborne Pasi-2/Ops Mabrigif Kujang I Kostrad (1977-1978)
* And the 330 Airborne Yonif Kipan Kostrad (1979-1981)
* SOPs SUAD Paban Young (1981-1982)
* Commander of the Infantry School Coach (1983-1985)
* And Dam 744 Yonif IX / Udayana (1986-1988)
* Dam Paban SOPs Madyalat IX / Udayana (1988)
* Lecturer Seskoad (1989-1992)
* Korspri Armed Forces Commander (1993)
* And Brigif Airborne 17 Kujang 1 Kostrad (1993-1994)
* Asops Kodam Jaya (1994-1995)
* 072/Pamungkas Kodam Danrem IV / Diponegoro (1995)
* Chief Military Observer United Nations Peace Forces (UNPF) in Bosnia-Herzegovina (since the beginning of November 1995)
* Kasdam Jaya (1996-only five months)
* Regional Commander II / Sriwijaya (1996 -) and Chairman Bakorstanasda
* Chairman of the Armed Forces faction Assembly (MPR Special Session 1998)
* Chief of Staff of the Territorial (caster Armed Forces (1998-1999)
* Mentamben (since October 26, 1999)
* Coordinating Polsoskam (Government of President Abdurrahman Wahid)
* Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs (Government of President Megawati Sukarnopotri) resigned March 11, 2004
sumber : http://berandakawasan.wordpress.com/2009/12/12/biografi-presiden-indonesia/
First President, Ir. Sukarno (1945-1966)
The first President of the Republic of Indonesia, Sukarno, who was called Bung Karno, was born in Blitar, East Java, June 6, 1901 and died in Jakarta, June 21, 1970. His father named Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo and his mother Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. During his life, he has three wives and has eight children. Fatmawati wife of a son of Thunder, Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati and Thunder. From wife Hartini has Taufan and Bayu, while the wife Ratna Sari Dewi, the woman called the original Japanese derivatives Naoko Nemoto Kartika have children ..
Sukarno's childhood just a few years living with his parents in Blitar. During elementary school until graduation, he lived in Surabaya, room and board at home Tokroaminoto Haji Said Kung, founder of the veteran politician Syarikat Islam. Then go back to school in the HBS (Hoogere Burger School). While studying at HBS that of Sukarno has galvanized nationalist spirit. After graduating HBS in 1920, moved to Bandung, and continue to THS (Technische Hoogeschool High school or technical knowledge is now the ITB). He earned the title "Ir" on May 25, 1926.
Then, he formulated and established the doctrine Marhaenisme PNI (Partai Nasional Indonesia) on July 4, 1927, with the aim of an independent Indonesia. As a result, the Netherlands, put into prison Sukamiskin, Bandung on December 29, 1929. Eight months later a new trial. In his defense, entitled Indonesia Sue, he showed apostasy Netherlands, a nation that claims it is more advanced.
Defense that made the Dutch more and more angry. So in July 1930, the PNI was dissolved. Once free in 1931, Sukarno joined the Partindo and at the same time lead. As a result, he re-arrested by the Dutch and exiled to Ende, Flores, in 1933. Four years later moved to Bengkulu.
After a long struggle, Bung Karno and Bung Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945. In the trial BPUPKI June 1, 1945, expressed Ir.Soekarno basic idea of what he called the Pancasila state. August 17, 1945, Ir Soekarno and Drs. Mohammad Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence. In the trial PPKI, August 18, 1945 Ir.Soekarno unanimously elected as President of the Republic of Indonesia first.
Previously, he also managed to formulate the Pancasila became the basis of (ideological) Unitary Republic of Indonesia. He seeks to unite the archipelago. Even Sukarno tried to gather the nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America with the Asian-African Conference in Bandung in 1955 which later evolved into the Non-Aligned Movement.
Rebellion G.30.S./PKI delivery great political crisis that led to rejection of the Assembly of accountability. Instead MPR raised Soeharto as Acting President. His health continued to deteriorate, which on Sunday, June 21, 1970 he died at the army hospital. He was buried at Wisma Yaso, Jakarta and was buried in Blitar, East Java near the tomb of his mother, Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. Menganugerahkannya government as a "Hero of the Proclamation"
President Second, Suharto (1966-19980)
Suharto was the second President of the Republic of Indonesia. He was born in Kemusuk, Yogyakarta, on June 8, 1921. His father named Kertosudiro a farmer who is also the assistant headman of the village rice field irrigation, while his mother was Sukirah.
Suharto entered the school when I was eight years old, but often moved. Originally schooled in the Village School (SD) Tens, Godean. Then moved to SD Pedes, because her mother and her husband, Mr. Pramono moved house, to the South Kemusuk. However, Mr. Kertosudiro then move it to Wuryantoro. Suharto placed in his sister's house who was married to Prawirowihardjo, an orderly farm.
Until finally selected to be a soldier in the school model non-commissioned officer, Gombong, Central Java in 1941. He officially became a member of the TNI on October 5, 1945. In 1947, Suharto was married with a child Siti Hartinah Mangkunegaran employees.
Col. Perkimpoian Siti Hartinah Suharto and was held on December 26, 1947 in Solo. It was the age of 26 years of Suharto and Hartinah 24 years. They had six sons and daughters; Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti, Sigit Harjojudanto, Bambang Trihatmodjo, Siti Hediati Herijadi, Hutomo Mandala Putra and Siti Hutami Endang Adiningsih.
General Big H.M. Suharto had walked a long way in the military and political career. In military, starting from Soeharto's army sergeant KNIL, then commander of PETA, the regimental commander with the rank of Major and Battalion Commander Lieutenant Colonel.
In 1949, he successfully led his forces retake the city of Yogyakarta from Dutch colonizers hand at the time. He also had been a Guard Commander in Chief Sudirman. It also had become Commander Mandala (liberation of West Irian).
October 1, 1965, eruption G.30.S./PKI. Suharto took over leadership of the Army. Besides confirmed as Army Commander, General Suharto was appointed by President Sukarno Pangkopkamtib. In March 1966, General Soeharto received a warrant March 11 from President Sukarno. His job, restore security and order and safeguard the teachings of the Great Leader of the Revolution, Bung Karno.
Because of the deteriorating political situation after the outbreak of G.30.S./PKI, MPRS Special Session, March 1967, appointed Soeharto as Acting President, was confirmed as the Second President, in March 1968. Soeharto ruled for more than three decades through the election six times, until he resigned, May 21, 1998.
Both the Resident RI HM Soeharto died at 13:10 pm Sunday, January 27, 2008. Great General Assembly awarded the honor as the Father of National Development, died at the age of 87 years after being treated for 24 days (from 4 to January 27, 2008) in Central Pertamina Hospital (RSPP), Jakarta.
News Soeharto's death was first informed Kapolsek Kebayoran Baru, Kompol. Dicky Sonandi, in Jakarta, Sunday (27 / 1). The team then formally submit the Presidency Dr. press release about the death of President Soeharto at precisely 13:10 pm Sunday, January 27, 2008 at RSPP Jakarta due to multiple organ failure.
Then approximately 14:40 o'clock, the corpse of former President Suharto to depart from the RSPP to the residence at number 8 Jalan Cendana, Menteng, Jakarta. Ambulance that carried the body of Soeharto's family accompanied by a number of vehicles and relatives and bodyguards. A number of journalists surged over when a convoy of vehicles was moving toward Cendana, resulted in a hit television journalist.
On the Cape and along Cendana thousands of people welcomed the arrival of a convoy of vehicles carrying Soeharto's body. Citizens sobs broke out as a series of vehicles that carry the body of former President Suharto into Cendana, at approximately 14:55, Sunday (27 / 1).
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono accompanied by Vice President Jusuf Kalla and a number of ministers who were following a limited cabinet meeting on food security, made a press conference for 3 minutes and 28 seconds at the Presidential Office, Jakarta, Sunday (27 / 1). President convey deep condolences over the death of former President Haji Mohammad Suharto's second.
Third President, Habibie (1998-1999)
The third President of the Republic of Indonesia, Jusuf Habibie Bacharuddin born in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi, on June 25, 1936. He is the fourth child of eight children, spouse Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and RA. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. Habibie, who is married to Hasri Ainun Habibie on May 12, 1962 was blessed with two sons namely Ilham Akbar and Thareq Kemal.
Habibie childhood through with his brothers in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi. Nature firmly adhered to the principle has been shown Habibie since childhood. Habibie, who had a penchant for this ride, should lose his father who died on 3 September 1950 because of a heart attack. Shortly after his father dies, Habibie moved to Bandung to study at the School Gouvernments Middlebare. In high school, he began to look outstanding achievements, especially in the exact sciences lessons. Habibie became a favorite figure in her school.
After graduating high school in bandung in 1954, he entered the University of Indonesia in Bandung (ITB now). He received his diploma from the Technische Hochschule, Germany in 1960 which then get gekar Doctorate from the same place in 1965. Habibie was married in 1962, and has two children. In 1967, became Professor of honor (Professor) at the Institut Teknologi Bandung. Habibie steps much admired, full of controversy, many admirers but no less did not agree with him. Each time, winning the prestigious Theodore Van Karman Award, was returned from the "habitat" of Germany, he always made the news. Habibie's only a year studying at ITB Bandung, 10 years of college to Ph.D. aircraft construction in Germany with summa cum laude. Then worked in the aircraft industry leading MBB GmbH Germany, prior to the call of President Suharto to return to Indonesia.
In Indonesia, Habibie served 20 years of Research and Technology Minister of State / Head of BPPT, leading 10 state-owned company of Strategic Industries, the Assembly elected a Vice President, and sworn in by Chief Justice to replace President Suharto. Suharto handed the presidency to Habibie on the basis of Article 8 of the 1945 Constitution. Until finally forced Habibie also stepped down from the refrendum East Timor chose independence. Accountability speech was rejected MPR. He went back to ordinary citizens, also migrate settled back to Germany.
Some of his work in calculating and designing several aircraft manufacturing project:
* VTOL (Vertical Take Off & Landing) Aircraft Carrier DO-31.
* Military Transport Aircraft C-130 Transall.
* Hansa Jet 320 (Aircraft Executive).
* Airbus A-300 (to 300 passengers)
* CN - 235
* N-250
* And indirectly participated in the count and design:
• BO-105 helicopter.
• Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA.)
• Some of the missile and satellite projects.
Some Signs Services / honors:
* 1976 - 1998 Director of PT. Nusantara Aircraft Industry / IPTN.
* 1978 - 1998 Minister of State for Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia.
* Chairman of the Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology / BPPT
* 1978 - 1998 Director of PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero).
* 1978 - 1998 Chairman of the Industrial Development Authority Batam Island / Opdip Batam.
* 1980 - 1998 Chairman of the Industrial Development Team Defense and Security (Presidential Decree. 40, 1980)
* 1983 - 1998 Director, PT Pindad (Persero).
* 1988 - 1998 Vice Chairman of Board of Trustees Strategic Industries.
* 1989 - 1998 Chairman of the Strategic Industries Management / BPIS.
* 1990 - 1998 Chairman of the Association of Muslim Scholars se-lndonesia/lCMI.
* Daily 1993 Presidium Coordinator, Board of Trustees of Golkar.
* 10 March to 20 May 1998 Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia
* May 21, 1998 - October 1999 President of the Republic of Indonesia
Fourth president, Abdurrahman Wahid (1999-2001)
Gus Dur is the first son of six children born Denanyar Jombang in East Java on August 4, 1940. Gus Dur is genetically a descendant of "blue blood". His father, K.H. Wahid Hasyim is the son of K.H. Hasyim Ash'ari, the founder jam'iyah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the largest Islamic mass organizations in Indonesia, and the founder of Pesantren Tebu Ireng Jombang. Mother, Ny. Hj. Sholehah is the daughter of the founder of Pesantren Denanyar Jombang, KH Bisri Syamsuri. Maternal grandfather was also an NU leader, who became Rais' Aam NU after KH Abdul Wahab Hasbullah. Thus, Gus Dur is the grandson of two of NU clerics at a time, and two Indonesian national figures.
In 1949, when the clash with the Dutch government has ended, his father was appointed the first Minister of Religious Affairs, Wahid Hasyim, so the family moved to Jakarta. Thus the new atmosphere has been entered. The guests, consisting of the characters, with various professional fields, which previously had been found in her grandfather's house, when her father continued to be Minister of religion. This special experience for a child named Abdurrahman Wahid. Indirectly, Gus Dur also began to meet with the political world has heard from his father's colleagues who often hung in his house.
Since childhood, she has marked the various cues that Gus Dur will experience a different line of life and have a full awareness of the responsibility of the NU. In April 1953, Gus Dur went with his father drove to the West Java region to inaugurate the new madrasa. Somewhere along the mountains between Cimahi and Bandung, the car accident. Gus Dur can be saved, but his father died. His father's death brings its own influence in his life.
In daily life, Gus Dur has a penchant for reading and diligent use of his private library. He was also active in visiting public keperpustakaan in Jakarta. In their teens Gus Dur has been familiar with a variety of magazines, newspapers, novels and books is rather serious. The works are read by Gus Dur is not only the stories, the main story and the martial arts fiction, but the discourse of philosophy and documents overseas perhatianya not escape. In addition to reading, this one is good character also play football, chess and music. Thus, no wonder if Gus Dur had asked to be a football commentator on television. Another indulgence, who joined also completed his hobby is watching movies. This penchant for causing a deep appreciation of the film world. This is why Gu Dur in the year 1986-1987 was appointed as chairman of the Indonesian Film Festival jury.
Gus Dur's adolescence was spent largely in Yogyakarta and Tegalrejo. In two places is the development of science began to rise. The next period, Gus Dur live in Jombang, the Pesantren Pond Rice, until then continued his studies in Egypt. Before leaving for Egypt, his uncle had melamarkan a girl for him, namely Haji child Sinta Nuriyah Muh. Sakur. Perkimpoiannya executed when he was in Egypt.
Educational Experience
First time learning, small Wahid studied in the grandfather, KH Hasyim Ash'ari. While living with his grandfather, he taught the Koran and read the Koran. In the age of five years he has been well read the Koran. By the time his father moved to Jakarta, in addition to formal learning in school, Gus Dur is also followed in Dutch private tutoring. Tutor named William Buhl, a German who had converted to Islam, who changed his name to Alexander. To add the Dutch language lessons, Buhl always feature the usual classical music enjoyed by adults. This is the first time Gu Dur contiguity with the Western world and from here also Gus Dur became interested and loved classical music.
After graduating from elementary school, Wahid sent his parents to study in Yogyakarta. In 1953 he entered SMEP (First High School of Economics) Gowongan, while at boarding school mondok Krapyak. The school is even managed by the Roman Catholic Church, but the full use secular curriculum. At this school is also the first time Gus Dur learn English. Because they feel constrained to live in a world of boarding school, he finally asked to move to town and stay at home Haji Junaidi, a local leader of Muhammadiyah and influential people in SMEP. Regular activity, after morning prayers in the Koran KH Ma'shum Krapyak, the school day in SMEP, and at night he joined a discussion along with Haji Junaidi and other members of the Muhammadiyah.
After graduating from SMEP Wahid continued his studies at the Islamic School Tegarejo Magelang Central Java. Pesantren are cared for by K.H. Chudhari, humanist figure kyai, pious and beloved teacher. This is what Chudhari Kyai Wahid introduced by Sufi rites and practices instill a mystical ritual. Under the guidance of this kyais also, Wahid began making pilgrimages to the sacred graves of the saints in Java. At the time of entry into this pesantren, Wahid took the entire collection of books, which makes students, other students amazed. At this time also Gus Dur has been able to demonstrate ability in berhumor and talk. In connection with this last one is an interesting story that deserves revealed in this exposure is to show great imtihan-party held before the fasting during the complete separation of students completing the learning-by providing food and beverage and entertainment bring all the people, such as: Gamelan , traditional dances, horse lumping, Jathilan, and so on. Clearly, such entertainments mentioned above is very taboo for the world at large boarding school. However, it exists and occurs in Pesantren Tegalrejo.
After spending two years at boarding school Tegalrejo, Wahid moved back to Jombang, and lived in boarding Rice Pond. At that time he was approaching 20 years, so in his uncle's boarding school, KH Abdul Fatah, he became a ustadz, and became head of security. At the age of 22 years, Wahid left for the holy land, to perform the pilgrimage, which is then passed to Egypt to continue his studies at the University of al-Azhar. First time up in Egypt, he was disappointed not to be directly included in al-Azhar University, but must go Aliyah (sort of preparatory school). At school he was bored, having to repeat courses that have been taken in Indonesia. To eliminate boredom, Gus Dur is often visited libraries and information centers of America (USIS) and bookstores where he can get the books you want.
However, enthusiasm for learning Wahid did not recede. The proof in 1979, Gus Dur was offered to study to a university in Australia to mendapatkkan doctorate. However, good intentions can not be fulfilled, for all promoters can not afford, and menggangap that Wahid does not require that title.
Career
Pegembaraanya return from seeking knowledge, Wahid returned to Jombang and chose to be a teacher. In 1971, these young people joined the Faculty of the University of Sugarcane Ushuludin Ireng Jombang. Three years later he became secretary Ireng Pesantren Tebu, and in the same year Gus Dur was becoming a writer. He returned to his talent sebagaii writer and columnist. Through these writings Wahid thinking ideas start getting attention of many. Djohan Efendi, a leading intellectual of his time, considered that Gus Dur is a digestive, digest all the ideas he had read, and then absorbed into their own thoughts.
In 1974 Wahid was asked his uncle, K.H. Yusuf Hasyim to assist in Pesantren Tebu Ireng Jombang with a secretary. From this starting Wahid often get invited to be keynote speaker at a number of religious discussion and kepesantrenan, both at home and abroad. Wahid further involved in the activities of NGOs.
In 1979, Wahid moved to Jakarta. At first he pioneered the Pesantren Ciganjur. While in the early 1980s as Wahid's vice-Katib believed NU Syria. Wahid here involved in discussions and serious debate about religious issues, social and political in many circles across religion, ethnicity and discipline. Gus Dur's more serious writing and wrestling with the world, both in the field of culture, politics, and Islamic thought. Careers that are considered 'menyimpang'-in his capacity as a religious figure as well as the NU-board and invite scorn when he became chairman of the Jakarta Arts Council (DKJ) on tahunn 1983. He also became chairman of the jury of the Festival Film Indonesia (FFI) in 1986, 1987.
In 1984, Gus Dur unanimously selected by a team of ahl al-hall wa'aqdi chaired by KH As'ad Syamsul Arifin a position in the general chairman of NU at the 27th congress in Situbondo. Re-affirmed the position in the 28th congress in pesantren Krapyak Yogyakarta (1989), and Cipasung convention in West Java (1994). NU chairman position is then released when the president Wahid of Indonesia to 4. Although the president, the nyleneh of Gus Dur is not lost, even more known by the whole society. In the past, perhaps only certain communities, particularly the feeling among the controversy nahdliyin ideas. Now the entire Indonesian nation come to think of ideas that the controversy raised by KH Abdurrahman Wahid
Fifth President, Megawati (2001-2004)
President of the Republic of Indonesia 5, Megawati Sukarnoputri was born in Yogyakarta, January 23, 1947. Before elected as president, he was Vice President of the 8th under Abdurrahman Wahid administration. Megawati is the eldest daughter of the first President who was also proclaimer, Sukarno and Fatmawati. Megawati, was originally married to a pilot Lieutenant airforce pilots, Surendro and had two sons named Mohammad Prananda and Mohammad Rizki Pratama.
At a military assignment, in 1970, in Eastern Indonesia, a pilot Surendro with military aircraft missing in action. Unparalleled suffering, while small children and babies. However, the pain was not prolonged, three years later married a man Mega named Taufik Kiemas, origin Ogan Komiring Ulu, Palembang. Happy family life increases, with blessed with a daughter Puan Maharani. Megawati's childhood life was spent in the State Palace. Since childhood, Megawati was nimble and likes to play soccer with his brother Guntur. For girls, Megawati had a hobby and is often shown dancing in front of state guests who visited the Palace.
Women's full name Dyah Permata Megawati Sukarnoputri is to start his education, from elementary to high school at the University Cikini, Jakarta. Meanwhile, he had studied at the two Universities, the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Bandung (1965-1967) and the Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia (1970-1972). Although born of an excellent politician's family, Mbak Mega - close call his supporters - are not somewhat versed in the political world. In fact, Megawati had one eye is seen by friends and political opponents. He even considered a newcomer in the political arena, the new in 1987. At that time the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) placing it as one of legislative candidates from electoral districts of Central Java, to boost the sound.
Megawati entrance into the political arena, meaning he has to deny his family agreement not to go into politics. Political trauma that the family ditabraknya. Megawati appeared to be the belle of the PDI in the campaign, although classified as not much to say. Was indeed successful. Vote for the PDI rises. And he was elected to parliament. In the same year was elected as Chairman of Megawati PDI Central Jakarta.
However, Megawati's presence at Parliament House does not seem to feel. Apparently, Megawati knows that he is still under pressure. In addition to nature's quiet, even belaiu chose not to stand out considering the political situation at that time. So more belaiu choose to do political lobbying outside the building representatives. Political lobby, a silent operation, it directly or indirectly, has led to the publication of Mega star in the political world. In 1993 he was elected as Chairman of the PDI. This is a great shock to the government at that time.
Mega rise this process is an interesting story too. At that time, the PDI Congress in Medan ended without producing any decisions. Government supports replacing Budi Hardjono Soerjadi. Then, followed by the Extraordinary Congress held in Surabaya. At this congress, Megawati's name appears and is soundly beat Budi Hardjono, candidates backed by the government. Megawati was elected as Chairman of the PDI. Then Mega status as Chairman of the PDI strengthened again by the National Congress of the PDI in Jakarta.
But the government refused and considered invalid. Therefore, the next trip, the government supports Mega pry power as Chairman of the PDI. Fatimah Ahmad et al, for government support, organized the PDI Congress in Medan in 1996, to raise the back Soerjadi. But Mega is not easily conquered. Because Mega firmly states do not recognize the Medan Congress. Mega firmly declared himself as the Chairman of the PDI is valid. PDI headquarters on Jalan Diponegoro, as a symbol of the legitimate existence of the DPP, controlled by the Mega. The Megawati supporters do not want to recede a single step. They keep trying to maintain the office.
Government-backed Soerjadi also provide a threat to seize by force the PDI office. The threat became reality. Morning, on July 27, 1996 Soerjadi group actually took the PDI headquarters of Megawati supporters. However, it did not discourage Mega step. In fact, he hoisted step further strengthen the resistance. Great political pressure on Megawati's naked, menundang empathy and sympathy from the wider community.
Mega keep fighting. PDI became two. Namely, the PDI leader Megawati and the PDI leadership Soerjadi. PDI is more impartial and admitted Mega. However, the government admitted Soerjadi as PDI chairman legitimate. As a result, PDI leader Megawati could not participate in 1997 elections. After the New Order regime collapsed, PDI Mega changed its name to PDI Struggle. Political parties bearing bull-mouthed fat white and won 1999 elections by taking more than thirty percent of the vote. The victory puts PDIP Megawati at least deserves a position as president than any other party cadres. But it was in the MPR 1999, Megawati lost.
However, both positions are apparently a later stage in time for Mega establish the position as number one in this country. For less than two years, the exact date of July 23, 2001 members of the Assembly unanimously places to sit as President Megawati of Indonesia to replace 5 KH Abdurrahman Wahid. Megawati became president until October 20, 2003. Having finished his term of office, Megawati re-run for president in a direct presidential election in 2004. However, he failed to return as president after losing to Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono who eventually became President of the Republic of Indonesia to 6.
Sixth President, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-2014)
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is the president of RI to-6. Unlike the previous president, he was the first president directly elected by the people in the Second round of Presidential Election 20 September 2004. Best graduates academy (1973) is familiarly called SBY was born in Pacitan, East Java, 9 September 1949. His wife was named Christian Herawati, is the third daughter of the late Gen. (Ret.) Sarwo Edhi Wibowo.
Retired four-star general was the only child of the couple R. Soekotjo and Sitti Habibah. Blood soldiers down from his father who retired as a lieutenant. While his mother, Sitti Habibah, the daughter of one of the founders Ponpes Tremas. He had two sons, namely Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (follow and emulate, and traces of SBY achievements, graduating from Akmil in 2000 with the award-winning Star Adhi Makayasa) and Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono (best graduates Taruna Nusantara, Magelang who pursue science and economics).
SR Education is footing most determining future in SBY. When sitting in fifth grade, he knew for the first time and familiar with the name of the National Military Academy (AMN), Magelang, Central Java. AMN later changed its name to Akabri. SBY in Pacitan Junior High School, located in the south of the square. This is a role model school for children Pacitan City. Attitude inherited his father's harsh discipline, SBY struggling to realize the ideals of her childhood into the army with the Armed Forces Academy of the Republic of Indonesia (Akabri) after graduating high school end of 1968. However, due to late register, SBY is not directly go Akabri. So SBY also had been a student of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering 10 November Surabaya (ITS).
But then, chose SBY School Teachers in Further Education First (PGSLP) in Malang, East Java. While studying in Malang PGSLP that, he prepared himself to enter Akabri. In 1970, finally entered Akabri in Magelang, Central Java, after receiving final exam in Bandung. SBY one armed with Agus Wirahadikusumah, Ryamizard Ryacudu, and Prabowo Subianto. During his education, who earned the nickname SBY giraffe, very prominent. Proven, belaiu achieve Akabri predicate best graduates received awards in 1973 with a badge Makasaya Adhi.
Continued his military education at the Airborne and Ranger Course at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA (1976), Infantry Officer Advanced Course at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA (1982-1983) by taking honors graduate, Jungle Warfare Training in Panama (1983), Anti Tank Weapon Course in Belgium and Germany (1984), Battalion Commander Course in Bandung (1985), Seskoad at Bandung (1988-1989) and Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, USA (1990-1991). Obtained an MA degree from Webster University USA. Military career, beginning with the took office as the Airborne And Yonif Tonpan Kostrad 330 (Platoon Commander III in Rifle Company A, Battalion Airborne Infantry 330/Tri Dharma, Kostrad) in 1974-1976, directly in charge of about 30 soldiers.
330 Airborne Battalion is one of the three battalions in the Brigade, 17th Airborne Infantry Kujang I / Kostrad, which has a fragrance in various military operations. It is the third battalion Airborne Infantry Battalion 330/Tri Dharma, Airborne Infantry Battalion 328/Dirgahayu, and the Airborne Infantry Battalion 305/Tengkorak. English fluency, making selected following an air traffic (airborne) and education commandos (ranger) at the Army Education Center United States, Ford Benning, Georgia, 1975. Returning then to the ground water, SBY took office, Platoon Commander of A Company Second Battalion of Airborne 305/Tengkorak (And Tonpan Yonif Kostrad 305) in 1976-1977. He also led the platoon was fighting in East Timor.
On his return from East Timor, SBY to 81 Mortar Platoon Commander Airborne Yonif Kostrad 330 (1977). After that, he was placed as 17th Airborne Pasi-2/Ops Mabrigif Kujang I Kostrad (1977-1978), and 330 Airborne Yonif Kipan Kostrad (1979-1981), and SOPs Paban SUAD Young (1981-1982). When he served in the Army Headquarters, it had a chance SBY back to the United States schools. From 1982 to 1983, he followed the Infantry Officer Advanced Course, Fort Benning, USA, 1982-1983 and internship-On the job training in the 82-nd Airbone Division, Fort Bragg, USA, 1983. Then follow the Jungle Warfare School, Panama, 1983 and Antitank Weapon Course in Belgium and Germany, 1984, and Battalion Command Course, 1985. At the same time served as commander of SBY Coach Infantry School (1983-1985)
Then he believed was And Checkers 744 Yonif IX / Udayana (1986-1988) and SOPs Madyalat Dam Paban IX / Udayana (1988), before joining the education in Command and Staff College Army (Seskoad) in Bandung and out as the best graduate Seskoad 1989. SBY also could be Seskoad Lecturer (1989-1992), and placed in the Department of the Army Information (Dispenad) with tasks such as making speeches Army Chief General Edi Sudradjat. Then when Edi Sudradjat served the armed forces, he was drawn to the Headquarters of the Armed Forces to become Coordinator of Personal Staff (Korspri) Armed Forces Commander General Edi Sudradjat (1993).
Then, he again served in combat units, was appointed Commander of the Airborne Infantry Brigade (And Brigif Airborne) 17 Kujang I / Strategic Reserve Command (1993-1994) together with the LTC Riyamizard Ryacudu. Later served Asops Kodam Jaya (1994-1995) and Danrem 072/Pamungkas Kodam IV / Diponegoro (1995). Soon after, SBY is believed served to Bosnia and Herzegovina to become an officer in the United Nations (1995). He served as head of the UN Military Observers (Chief Military Observer United Nations Protection Force), which oversees the truce in the former Yugoslavia by Dayton agreement, the United States between Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia Herzegovina. After returning from Bosnia, he was appointed as Chief of Staff Kodam Jaya (1996). Later served as Regional Commander II / Sriwijaya (1996-1997) and Chairman and Chief Bakorstanasda Armed Forces faction Assembly (MPR Special Session in 1998) before becoming Chief of Staff of the Territorial (caster) Armed Forces (1998-1999).
Meanwhile, his political career step to begin on January 27, 2000, when deciding to retire early from the military when he believed served as Minister of Mines and Energy in the government of President KH Abdurrahman Wahid. Soon after, SBY was forced to leave his position as Mentamben because Gus Dur was asked Menkopolsoskam. On August 10, 2001, President Megawati trust and became the Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs melantiknya Mutual-Aid Cabinet. But on March 11, 2004, he chose to resign from the office of Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs. This resignation steps make it more freely running political rights that would lead him to chair the national leadership summit. And finally, on a direct presidential election second round 20 September 2004, SBY is paired with Jusuf Kalla won the trust of the majority Indonesia by a vote of 60 percent Attas. And on October 20, 2004 he was inaugurated as President of the Republic of Indonesia to 6.
Here is a complete data about President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Name: Army General (ret.) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Born: Pacitan, East Java, 9 September 1949
Religion: Islam
Position: President of the Republic of Indonesia to 6
Wife: Christian Herawati, third daughter (Alm) General (Ret.) Sarwo Edhi Wibowo
Children: Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono and Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono
Dad: First Lieutenant (Peltu) R. Soekotji
Mother: Sitti Habibah
Education:
* Armed Forces Academy (Akabri) in 1973
* American Language Course, Lackland, Texas, USA, 1976
* Airbone and Ranger Course, Fort Benning, USA, 1976
* Infantry Officer Advanced Course, Fort Benning, USA, 1982-1983
* On the job training in the 82-nd Airbone Division, Fort Bragg, USA, 1983
* Jungle Warfare School, Panama, 1983
* Antitank Weapon Course in Belgium and Germany, 1984
* Battalion Command Course, 1985
* Army Command School, 1988-1989
* Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenwort, Kansas, USA
* Master of Arts (MA) from Management Webster University, Missouri, USA
Career:
* And the 330 Airborne Yonif Tonpan Kostrad (1974-1976)
* And Tonpan Yonif Kostrad 305 (1976-1977)
* And Mr. Mo 81 Yonif Airborne Kostrad 330 (1977)
* 17th Airborne Pasi-2/Ops Mabrigif Kujang I Kostrad (1977-1978)
* And the 330 Airborne Yonif Kipan Kostrad (1979-1981)
* SOPs SUAD Paban Young (1981-1982)
* Commander of the Infantry School Coach (1983-1985)
* And Dam 744 Yonif IX / Udayana (1986-1988)
* Dam Paban SOPs Madyalat IX / Udayana (1988)
* Lecturer Seskoad (1989-1992)
* Korspri Armed Forces Commander (1993)
* And Brigif Airborne 17 Kujang 1 Kostrad (1993-1994)
* Asops Kodam Jaya (1994-1995)
* 072/Pamungkas Kodam Danrem IV / Diponegoro (1995)
* Chief Military Observer United Nations Peace Forces (UNPF) in Bosnia-Herzegovina (since the beginning of November 1995)
* Kasdam Jaya (1996-only five months)
* Regional Commander II / Sriwijaya (1996 -) and Chairman Bakorstanasda
* Chairman of the Armed Forces faction Assembly (MPR Special Session 1998)
* Chief of Staff of the Territorial (caster Armed Forces (1998-1999)
* Mentamben (since October 26, 1999)
* Coordinating Polsoskam (Government of President Abdurrahman Wahid)
* Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs (Government of President Megawati Sukarnopotri) resigned March 11, 2004
sumber : http://berandakawasan.wordpress.com/2009/12/12/biografi-presiden-indonesia/
Conversations
Tari : "Hello! Good afternoon! Dewi Can I speak to?"
Dewi : "Good afternoon! Yes, I dewi! Who are you?
Tari : "I am Tari"
Dewi : "Oh Tari! Is what Tar?"
Tari : "Dew, Ane've returned from America."
Dewi : "yet instead of vacation time."
Tari : "Maybe he miss us, friends who are also at play there, do not you come?"
Dewi : "What time does it go? I come."
Tari : "Tomorrow at 10 together at my home"
Dewi : "Who are my friends who come along?"
Tari : "Tina, Tika, Tiwi, Dina, and Desi."
Dewi : "Then wait for me ya tomorrow."
Tari : "Yes. I'll wait. Got to dew"
Dewi : "Yes, Tar. Thank you!"
Tari : "You're welcome"
Dewi : "Good afternoon! Yes, I dewi! Who are you?
Tari : "I am Tari"
Dewi : "Oh Tari! Is what Tar?"
Tari : "Dew, Ane've returned from America."
Dewi : "yet instead of vacation time."
Tari : "Maybe he miss us, friends who are also at play there, do not you come?"
Dewi : "What time does it go? I come."
Tari : "Tomorrow at 10 together at my home"
Dewi : "Who are my friends who come along?"
Tari : "Tina, Tika, Tiwi, Dina, and Desi."
Dewi : "Then wait for me ya tomorrow."
Tari : "Yes. I'll wait. Got to dew"
Dewi : "Yes, Tar. Thank you!"
Tari : "You're welcome"
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